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Detailed archaeological excavations were started at sites in northern Pakistan and Afghanistan in the late-19th century. Through these excavations, eminent archaeologists such as Aurel Stein, Alexander Cunningham, John Marshall, J. Barthoux and Professor A.H. Dani recovered hundreds of thousands of beautiful stone sculptures belonging to the Gandhara Civilization. In the last century or so, much has been written about the artistic quality of these beautiful stone sculptures. But hardly anything has been written about the Civilization itself that gave birth to these extraordinary pieces of art. In this book an effort has been made to present Gandhara in its wider perspective, highlighting the different features of a unique civilization in which many different races contributed and many cultures merged to bring about a major sociological change and establish a distinct cultural identity in this region of the South Asian sub-continent. This book is based on the author's analysis of the reports of renowned archaeologists who carried out excavations at various sites, information gathered during the past decade through extended visits to numerous archaeological sites associated with the lost Gandhara Civilization including those in the Taxila, Peshawar, Charsadda, Mardan and Swat regions in Pakistan, and study of the large number of artifacts from these sites which are on display in museums. His research reveals a great deal of continuity in the field of socio-cultural development of the region, which is referred to in this book as Greater Gandhara, from the time it became a part of the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BCE till the end of Kidara Kushan’s rule in the 5th century CE. Further, it reveals that after the Achaemenids had established the physical and administrative infrastructure in Greater Gandhara, the continuity in socio-cultural development in the region was maintained mainly by the growing Buddhist population. This book illustrates the spirit of independence and features in the character of the ancient people of the Gandhara region which facilitated the sustained progress towards the emergence of the Gandhara Civilization. Following the invasion of Alexander the Great, his successors had no difficulty in colonizing Bactria (Northern Afghanistan) and Sogdia (Uzbekistan), but they could not do the same in Gandhara. Similarly the Scythians, Parthians and the Kushans ruled over the Central Asian region as colonizers, but not so in Gandhara. Here they ruled not over the people, but with the people. Their administration was highly de-centralized, with the locals playing a major role in the regional administration and having a major say in the social and cultural affairs of the entire population. Finally, the book highlights the interactive environment which prevailed in Gandhara throughout the transient and mature phases of the Gandhara Civilization: Alexander’s companions hobnobbing with the naked fakirs of Taxila; Menander, the great Indus-Greek ruler, finding time to engage in prolonged question-and-answer sessions with Buddhist scholars at the monastery near Sagala (Sialkot); and the greatest of the Kushan conquerors, Kanishka, finding pleasure in the company of local intellectuals and artists such as Asvaghosha and Vasumitra, and presiding over the official launch of Mahayana Buddhism.
- Sales Rank: #1492234 in Books
- Published on: 2011-08-15
- Original language: English
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x .69" w x 6.00" l,
- Binding: Perfect Paperback
- 302 pages
About the Author
Mr. Rafi-us Samad has authored two previous books on cultural history and ancient civilizations: Ancient Indus Civilization (2000), and The Greeks in Ancient Pakistan (2002). Articles by the author have also been published in the leading English language newspapers in Pakistan. This book is based on his analysis of the reports of renowned archaeologists who carried out excavations at various sites, information gathered during the past decade through extended visits to numerous archaeological sites associated with the lost Gandhara Civilization including those in the Taxila, Peshawar, Charsadda, Mardan and Swat regions in Pakistan, and study of the large number of artifacts from these sites which are on display in museums at Taxila, Peshawar and Karachi. Mr. Samad is chief executive of a private consultancy firm in Karachi; his education includes Manchester University and Ashridge Management College in the UK.
Most helpful customer reviews
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Useful, but...
By Larry N. Stout
A substantial and informative book of nearly 300 pages that offers a timeline history of Gandhara in six chapters, followed by chapters describing an array of stupa complexes ("sangharamas") in Gandhara, the famous sculptures of Gandhara, the Gandhari language (sometimes called "northwestern Prakrit") and the Kharoshthi script, literature produced in Gandhara, the influence of Gandhara in Central Asia, Gandhara and Chinese Buddhism, Gandhara and Japanese Buddhism, Gandhara and Korean Buddhism, trade and commerce. Overall a worthy effort, but marred by its generally uncritical approach (ignoring various scholarly controversies surrounding historicity and dates of various things, and including some unsourced assertions), an element of repetitiveness (generally substandard editing is evident in this and lesser ways), very poor and insufficient maps, and an inadequate, not infrequently erroneous index. Offers the starkly unsupportable oversimplification that the Saka had no culture of their own; states that Buddhism was endorsed throughout the Tang dynasty, whereas Buddhism actually was proscribed latterly during the Tang, early in the ninth century, when thousands of Buddhists were killed and their temples plundered and destroyed; gives the western terminus of the Achaemenid Royal Road as Ephesos, whereas it ended inland at Sardis, in Lydia; states that a "large number" of Roman coins have been found in Gandhara (undelimited), but closely following limits this to "about a hundred", among which are "a number" of gold coins (some authorities speculate that the Kushans reminted Roman coins; by contrast, thousands of Roman coins from maritime trade have been found in South India). This book's first virtue seems to consist in its being the only attempt at a comprehensive treatment of Gandhara available to the general reader, and is valuable for that at least, as an introduction.
0 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
very good
By P. Arcos Gonzalez
A very good synthesis of the Gandhara culture.
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